The value-based origins of liberalism and the social question in liberal thought
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18256/2238-0604.2025.v21i3.4483Keywords:
Liberty, equality, State of Law, collectiveAbstract
Liberalism is the current of thought that, par excellence, encompasses what Radbruch calls axiological individualism, individual freedom is the matrix of his historical effort to limit state power and negative freedom (Berlin) of the inviolability of private life. The political fact that a society does not protect individual freedom is that it will pay with the domination of political groups of an authoritarian nature, which will dominate society itself, and define it from an uncontrollable power; axiologically, only social freedom and any project of equality of a social State endure with the priority protection of the freedom of the individual and his experience of fields of private and public freedom. The massification of society does not contribute to political peace or the collective equality of external (legal-economic) freedom, the depersonalization promoted by political dictatorships or by collectivist legal systems that destroy individuality do not ensure progress and the humanity autonomy against power (Kant).
Downloads
References
ARSHAKYAN, Mher; STAFFEN, Márcio Ricardo. About the principle of dignity: philosophical foundations and legal aspects. Sequência, Florianópolis, v. 38, n. 75, abr. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2017v38n75p43
BERLIN. Isaiah. Pluralismo e os dois conceitos de liberdade. São Paulo: Érealizações, 2023.
DEMO, Pedro. Sociologia. Uma introdução crítica. 2.ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 1985.
FACHIN, Zulmar; SAMPAR, Rene. Teoria do Estado. 8 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Lumen Juris, 2025.
GIDDENS, Anthony. Para além da esquerda e da direita. Trad. de Álvaro Hattnher. São Paulo: Unesp, 1996.
HEIDEGGER, Martin. Ser e Tempo. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2015.
HESSEN, Jonhannes. Filosofia dos Valores. Coimbra: Almedina, 2001.
KANT, Immanuel. Crítica da razão prática. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2016.
KERSTING, Wolfgang. Kant e o problema da justiça social. Veritas, Porto Alegre mar. 2023, vol.48, n.1, p.121-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2003.1.34780
KRIEGER, Leonard. Etapas na História das Liberdades Políticas. In: Friedrich, Carl (Org). Liberdade. Trad. de Norah Levy. Rio de Janeiro: O Cruzeiro, 1967.
LIMA, Newton de Oliveira. 10 lições sobre Rawls. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2019.
LIMA, Newton de Oliveira. O Estado de Direito em Kant e Kelsen. 3.ed. Belo Horizonte:D`Plácido, 2023.
LIMA, Newton de Oliveira. Teoria dos Valores Jurídicos: o neokantismo e o pensamento de Gustav Radbruch. Belo Horizonte: Dialética, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48021/978-65-270-1542-0
MATTEUCCI, Nicola; BOBBIO, Norberto. (Org). Dicionário de Política. Brasília: EdUNB, 1994.
MISES, Ludwig von. Liberalismo. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 1987.
PANSIERI, Flávio. A Liberdade no Pensamento Ocidental. Belo Horizonte: Fórum, 2018 (4 tomos).
PERRY, Michel. The political morality of liberal democracy. Cambridge University Press, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511657566
SKINNER, Quentin. Hobbes e a liberdade republicana. São Paulo: Unesp, 2010.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Revista Brasileira de Direito

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
I declare the present article unpublished, as well as not be subject to any other submission process to another scientific journal.
I declare that I authorize the publication of the article by the magazine on the World Wide Web and the knowledge about non-remuneration by virtue of its publication, with no copyright of an equity nature.
Also, as author, I take civil and criminal responsibility for the content of the published work, after reading the guidelines for authors and agreeing with them.
The work can be accessed by any interested party and reproduced and / or published provided that proper reference is made according to the ABNT for the purpose of dissemination of scientific academic production.