Permanence of Employees in Family Businesses: What Matters from the Perspective of Managers?
Abstract
This paper explores what is important for the permanence of non-family employees in family businesses, from the perspective of family and non-family managers. Qualitative research was conducted, guided by semi-structured interviews with 11 interviewees, including non-family employees and business family members. Content analysis was performed using MaxQDA software, followed by a code book and intercoder reliability test using the R language. The results revealed five categories concerning the reasons for the permanence of employees in the investigated family businesses: i) flexible communication, ii) career opportunity, iii) humanized work, iv) sense of belonging, and v) regional setting. Furthermore, there is an indication that the sense of belonging is driven by the first three listed categories, influencing the non-family employee's willingness to stay in the organization. Based on the findings, the paper presents propositions to be investigated in future research. As practical implications, training and qualifications that encourage flexible communication, career opportunities, humanized work, and a sense of belonging are suggested to strengthen the permanence of non-family employees.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Português (Brasil))References
Achtenhagen, L., Haag, K., Hultén, K., & Lundgren, J. (2022). Torn between individual aspirations and the family legacy – individual career development in family firms. Career Development International, 27(2), 201-221. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-06-2020-0156
Agapito, P. R., Polizzi Filho, A., Siqueira, M., & Matias, M. (2015). Bem-estar no trabalho e percepção de sucesso na carreira como antecedentes de intenção de rotatividade. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 16, 71-93. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712015/administracao.v16n6p71-93.
Carmon, A. F., & Pearson, J. C. (2013). Family business employees’ family communication and workplace experiences. Journal of Family Business Management, 3(2), 88-107. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-05-2012-0009
Carmon, A. F., Miller, A. N., Raile, A. N., & Roers, M. M. (2010). Fusing family and firm: Employee perceptions of perceived homophily, organizational justice, organizational identification, and organizational commitment in family businesses. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(4), 210-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2010.10.003
Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Sharma, P. (1999). Defining the family business by behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4), 19-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902300402
Eddleston, K. A., Kellermanns, F. W., & Zellweger, T. M. (2012). Exploring the entrepreneurial behavior of family firms: Does the stewardship perspective explain differences? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(2), 347-367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00402.x
Ferreira, L. B. G. R., Meurer, T., & da Silva, M. Z. (2022). Efeitos endógeno e exógeno no disclosure de riscos e crise durante pandemia da Covid-19. Revista Pretexto, 23(3). http://revista.fumec.br/index.php/pretexto/article/view/9082
Gamer, M., Lemon, J., Fellows, I., & Singh, P. (2019, janeiro). Irr: various coefficients of interrater reliability and agreement. R-project. Recuperado em 01 de agosto de 2022, em https://cran.r-project.org/package=irr
Gaiduk, R., Gaiduk, J., & Fields, D. (2009). Limiting the brain drain: determinants of employee organizational attachment in Lithuania. Baltic Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465260910958782
Gottschalck, N., Guenther, C., & Kellermanns, F. (2020). For whom are family-owned firms good employers? An exploratory study of the turnover intentions of blue-and white-collar workers in family-owned and non-family-owned firms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 11(3), 1002-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2019.02.004
Gray, J. H., Densten, I. L., & Sarros, J. C. (2003). Size matters: Organisational culture in small, medium, and large Australian organisations. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 17(1), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2003.10593311
Hammes, C. C. F., Santos, A. J., & Melim, J. M. (2016). Os impactos do turnover para as organizações. Revista Espacios, 37(03), 1-24. https://www.revistaespacios.com/a16v37n03/16370324.html
Hoffman, M., & Tadelis, S. (2021). People management skills, employee attrition, and manager rewards: An empirical analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 129(1), 243-285. https://doi.org/10.1086/711409
Khanin, D. (2013). How to reduce turnover intentions in the family business: Managing centripetal and centrifugal forces. Business Horizons, 56(1), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2012.09.005
Knezović, E., & Greda, N. (2021). Career development and affective commitment: a comparative study of family and nonfamily businesses. Journal of Family Business Management, 11(4), 462–478. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-04-2020-0033
Kim, T., & Marler, L. E. (2022). The role of family-friendly workplace practices in preventing nonfamily employee turnover intentions. In Academy of Management Proceedings. Briarcliff Manor: Academy of Management.
Luz, C. M. D. R., Paula, S. L., & Oliveira, L. M. B. (2018). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and their possible influences on intent to turnover. Revista de Gestão, 25(1), 84-101. https://doi.org/10.1108/REGE-12-2017-008
Macke, J., & Sarate, J. A. R. (2015). Desenvolvimento territorial e capital social: elementos, conexões e proposta de avaliação de territórios. Revista Brasileira de Gestão e Desenvolvimento Regional, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.54399/rbgdr.v11i3.1965
Mahto, R. V., Vora, G., McDowell, W. C., & Khanin, D. (2020). Family member commitment, the opportunity costs of staying, and turnover intentions. Journal of Business Research, 108, 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.013
McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochemica Medica, 22(3), 276–282. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23092060/
Nascimento, L. D. S., & Steinbruch, F. K. (2019). “The interviews were transcribed”, but how? Reflections on management research. RAUSP Management Journal, 54, 413-429. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-05-2019-0092
Neckebrouck, J., Schulze, W., & Zellweger, T. (2018). Are family firms good employers?. Academy of Management Journal, 61(2), 553-585. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.0765
Neuendorf, K. A. (2017). The content analysis guidebook. SAGE Publishing.
Picone, P. M., De Massis, A., Tang, Y., & Piccolo, R. F. (2021). The psychological foundations of management in family firms: Values, biases, and heuristics. Family Business Review, 34(1), 12-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486520985630
Pittino, D., Visintin, F., Lenger, T., & Sternad, D. (2016). Are high performance work practices really necessary in family SMEs? An analysis of the impact on employee retention. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 7(2), 75-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2016.04.002
Samara, G., & Arenas, D. (2017). Practicing fairness in the family business workplace. Business Horizons, 60(5), 647-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.05.008
Sampaio, R., & Lycarião, D. (2018). Eu quero acreditar! Da importância, formas de uso e limites dos testes de confiabilidade na Análise de Conteúdo. Revista de Sociologia e Política, 26, 31-47. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-987318266602
Sciascia, S., Clinton, E., Nason, R. S., James, A. E., & Rivera‐Algarin, J. O. (2013). Family communication and innovativeness in family firms. Family Relations, 62(3), 429-442. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12014
Silva, W. M., & Grzybovski, D. (2020). Efeitos da governança corporativa e da performance empresarial sobre o turnover de executivos no Brasil: comparando empresas familiares e não-familiares. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 7, 45-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712006/administracao.v7n1p45-70
Staller, K. M. (2015). Qualitative analysis: The art of building bridging relationships. Qualitative Social Work, 14(2), 145-153. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325015571210
Soomro, M. A. (2020). Demographics and turnover intentions: Can there be any link?. Annals of Contemporary Developments in Management & HR, 2(3), 9-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/ACDMHR.2020.03.002
Vangelisti, A. L. (2004). Handbook of family communication. Erlbaum.
Vardaman, J. M., Allen, D. G., & Rogers, B. L. (2017). We are friends but are we family? Organizational identification and nonfamily employee turnover. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 42(2), 290-309. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1042258717749235
Zellweger, T. (2017). Managing the family business: Theory and practice. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Zellweger, T. M., Eddleston, K. A., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2010). Exploring the concept of familiness: Introducing family firm identity. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2009.12.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18256/2237-7956.2023.v13i1.4863
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Tatiane Meurer, Luiz Fernando Câmara Viana, Lucas Benedito Gomes Rocha Ferreira
Revista de Administração IMED (RAIMED) ISSN: 2237-7956 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração (PPGA/Atitus)
Atitus Educação - Business School – www.imed.edu.br – Rua Senador Pinheiro, 304 – Bairro Vila Rodrigues – 99070-220 – Passo Fundo/RS – Brasil Tel.: +55 51 4004-4818
Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.