Emotional, Social and Routine Repercussions in Women Victims of Stalking

Bianca Zambelli Alves, Clarissa De Antoni

Abstract


The Stalking is a phenomenon characterized by stalking behaviors that harass the victim. The objective of this study was to know the perception of women victimized by the Stalker behavior regarding the repercussions in their lives. Six young women, between 22 and 28 years old. The instruments used were a sociodemographic data sheet and a semi-structured individual interview prepared by the researchers. Through the Thematic Analysis, we found three modalities of the existing repercussions: emotional, social and in the routine. In the emotional repercussions appear fear, guilt, discomfort and anger; in the social repercussions emerge the consequences in the relationships and in the social networks; in the repercussions in the routine, changes in daily activities and physical displacement are discussed. Finally, it is understood that the repercussions caused by the Stalking experienced are severe and are interrelated in a causal circularity. These repercussions negatively affect the lives of these women and they cause intense suffering.


Keywords


Stalking; Harassment no sexual; Violence against Women

References


Alves, B. Z.; Carrion, A. J., Oliveira, B. C. F. & De Antoni (2022). Comportamentos do Stalking: tipologia e manifestações. Contextos Clínicos, 15(2), 543-568. doi: https://doi.org/10.4013/ctc.2022.152.10

Alvares, J., & Medeiros, C. (2019). A culpa é de que (m)? O invisível e o incógnito no discurso sobre o feminicídio. Revista Memorare, 6(1), 172-188. doi: https://doi.org/10.19177/12019172-188.

Banyard, V. L., Demers, J. M., Cohn, E. S., Edwards, K. M., Moynihan, M. M., Walsh, W.A., & Ward, S. K. (2017). Academic correlates of unwanted sexual contact, intercourse, stalking, and intimate partner violence: An understudied but important consequence for college students. Journal of interpersonal violence, 1, 1-18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517715022.

Boen, M. T., & Lopes, F. L. (2019). Vitimização por stalking: um estudo sobre a prevalência em estudantes universitários. Revista Estudos Feministas, 27(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9584.

Borges, J. L., & Dell’Aglio, D. D. (2019). Stalking Following the Breakup of Dating Relationships in Adolescence. Trends in Psychology, 27(2), 413-426.

Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589-597, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806

Breiding, M. J. (2014). Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries, 63(8), 1-18. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4692457/

Dietz, N. A., & Martin, P. Y. (2007). Women who are stalked: Questioning the fear standard. Violence against women, 13(7), 750-776.doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801207302698.

Dutton, L. B., & Winstead, B. A. (2011). Types, frequency, and effectiveness of responses to unwanted pursuit and stalking. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(6), 1129-1156. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510368153.

Edwards, K. M., & Gidycz, C. A. (2014). Stalking and psychosocial distress following the termination of an abusive dating relationship: A prospective analysis. Violence against women, 20(11), 1383-1397. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801214552911.

Ekman, P., & Cordaro, D. (2011). What is meant by calling emotions basic. Emotion review, 3(4), 364-370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410740.

Goldsworthy, T., & Raj, M. (2014). Stopping the Stalker: Victim responses to Stalking An examination of victim responses to determine factors affecting the intensity and duration of stalking. Griffith Journal of Law & Human Dignity, 2(1). Retrieved from https://griffithlawjournal.org/index.php/gjlhd/article/view/575

Kamphuis, J. H., Galeazzi, G. M., De Fazio, L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Farnham, F., Groenen, A., & Vervaeke, G. (2005). Stalking - perceptions and attitudes amongst helping professions. An EU cross‐national comparison. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 12(3), 215-225. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.451.

Kuehner, C., Gass, P., & Dressing, H. (2012). Mediating effects of stalking victimization on gender differences in mental health. Journal of interpersonal violence, 27(2), 199-221. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260511416473.

Lacerda Almeida, E. V., & Borba, F. (2022). A Lei Maria da Penha: uma política pública brasileira de combate à desigualdade de gênero. Debate Feminista, 64, 144-165. doi: https://doi.org/10.22201/cieg.2594066xe.2022.64.2355

Logan, T. K., & Walker, R. (2017). Stalking: A multidimensional framework for assessment and safety planning. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 18(2), 200-222. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838015603210.

Logan, T. K., & Walker, R. (2019). The impact of stalking-related fear and gender on personal safety outcomes. Journal of interpersonal violence, 1, 1-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519829280.

Maia, A. S. M. (2019). O silêncio do arguido, a culpa da vítima: uma proposta sociológica no domínio do crime de violência doméstica. Dissertação de Mestrado não-publicada, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. Retrieved from https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/123381/2/362512.pdf

Matos, M., Grangeia, H., Ferreira, C., Azevedo, V., Gonçalves, M., & Sheridan, L. (2019). Stalking victimization in Portugal: Prevalence, characteristics, and impact. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 57, 103-115. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2019.03.005.

Meneghel, S. N., & Margarites, A. F. (2017). Feminicídios em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: iniquidades de gênero ao morrer. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 33(12). doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00168516.

Ngo, F. T., & Paternoster, R. (2016). Toward an understanding of the emotional and behavioral reactions to stalking: A partial test of general strain theory. Crime & Delinquency, 62(6), 703-727. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128713510077.

OPAS (2023). Folha informativa - Violência contra as mulheres. Retrieved from https://www.paho.org/bra/

Owens, J. G. (2016). Why definitions matter: Stalking victimization in the United States. Journal of interpersonal violence, 31(12), 2196-2226. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515573577.

Pathé, M., & Mullen, P. E. (1997). The impact of stalkers on their victims. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 170(1), 12-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.1.12.

Pereira, M., & Carvalho, A. D. M. C. (2017). “A culpa é sempre delas… sempre”: disciplina e poder na culpabilização da vítima de estupro. Revista Colineares, 4(2), 25-35. Retrieved from https://natal.uern.br/periodicos/index.php/RCOL/article/view/140.

Peterson, C., Liu, Y., Kresnow, M. J., Florence, C., Merrick, M. T., DeGue, S., & Lokey, C. N. (2018). Short-term lost productivity per victim: intimate partner violence, sexual violence, or stalking. American journal of preventive medicine, 55(1), 106-110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016.

Prando, C. C. D. M., & Borges, M. P. B. (2020). Concepções genderizadas na análise de deferimento das Medidas Protetivas de Urgência (MPUs). Revista Direito GV, 16(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6172201939.

Reyns, B. W., Henson, B., Fisher, B. S., Fox, K. A., & Nobles, M. R. (2016). A gendered lifestyle-routine activity approach to explaining stalking victimization in Canada. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(9), 1719-1743. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515569066.

Santos, E. Q. (2019). Crimes Passionais ou Feminicídio? Conceitos e a Relação entre os Relacionamentos Tóxicos e o Ciúme Patológico. Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics, 8(4), 272-292. doi: https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs8(4)y2019272

Sheridan, L., Lyndon, A. E. (2012). The influence of prior relationship, gender, and fear on the consequences of stalking victimization. Sex Roles, 66(5-6), 340-350. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9889-9.

Spitzberg, B. H., & Cupach, W. R. (2007). The state of the art of stalking: Taking stock of the emerging literature. Aggression and violent Behavior, 12(1), 64-86. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2006.05.001.

Stevens, F., Nurse, J. R., & Arief, B. (2021). Cyber stalking, cyber harassment, and adult mental health: A systematic review. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24(6), 367-376.

Villacampa, C., & Pujols, A. (2018). Effects of and coping strategies for stalking victimization in Spain: Consequences for its criminalization. International journal of law, crime and justice, 56, 27-38. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2018.11.002.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18256/2175-5027.2023.v15i1.4667

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2023 Clarissa De Antoni, BIanca Zambelli Alves

ISSN 2175-5027

Licença Creative Commons
Este obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.

BASES DE DADOS E INDEXADORES

 DOAJ.jpg Periódicos CAPES
latindex.jpg
 
dialnet.png
 
REDIB
Diadorim.jpg
    SIS
circ.png