Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa: epidemiological survey of 172 cases with focus on differential diagnosis

Resumen

The research purpose to perform a retrospective study of pigmented lesions in the oral mucosa and to discuss important aspects of their differential diagnosis and management in dental practice. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study of pigmented lesions in the oral cavity that were recorded and diagnosed at a referral service over a period of 28 years. Results: There were 172 cases of pigmented lesions among a total of 13,743 records, corresponding to a prevalence of 1.25% at this service. Females accounted for 61.6% of cases. The most affected age range was 31-40 years (23.8%). The most common anatomical location involved was the cheek mucosa (20.19%), followed by the lower lip (19.2%) and alveolar ridge (15.2%). Amalgam tattoo and melanotic macule (33.1%) were the most common pigmented lesions, followed by melanocytic nevus (21.6%). The lack of some information on the biopsy request forms was the main limitation of the study. Conclusion: Oral pigmented lesions were uncommon at the service analyzed, probably because not all of them were sent for histopathological analysis. However, a correct diagnosis is important so that patients receive adequate treatment.